{"id":525,"date":"2020-04-14T15:06:08","date_gmt":"2020-04-14T15:06:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/?page_id=525"},"modified":"2020-04-22T12:18:05","modified_gmt":"2020-04-22T12:18:05","slug":"urbanization","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/urbanization\/","title":{"rendered":"Urbanization"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><style type=\"text\/css\" id=\"wq-trivia-custom-css\">.wq-quiz-1055 {\n--wq-question-width: 100%;\n--wq-question-color: #009cff;\n--wq-question-height: auto;\n--wq-bar-color: #00c479;\n--wq-font-color: #444;\n--wq-background-color: #f2f2f2;\n}\n<\/style><!-- wp quiz -->\n<div id=\"wp-quiz-1055\" class=\"wq_quizCtr single trivia_quiz wq-quiz wq-quiz-1055 wq-quiz-trivia wq-layout-single wq-skin-traditional\" data-quiz-id=\"1055\">\n<div class=\"wq-questions wq_questionsCtr\">\n\t<div class=\"wq-question wq_singleQuestionWrapper\" data-index=\"0\">\n\n\t\n\t<div class=\"wq_singleQuestionCtr\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wq_questionTextWrapper quiz-pro-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wq_questionTextCtr\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4>In 1800, 2% of the world's population lived in cities, what percent of the world do you think live in cities today?<\/h4>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"wq_questionMediaCtr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wq_questionImage wq-question-image\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"580\" height=\"358\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/globe-skyscrapers-580x358-1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/globe-skyscrapers-580x358-1.png 580w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/globe-skyscrapers-580x358-1-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/globe-skyscrapers-580x358-1-100x62.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/>\t\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"wq-question-answers wq_questionAnswersCtr\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wq-answers wq_answersWrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wq-answer wq_singleAnswerCtr\" data-id=\"4nyxq\">\n\t\t\t<label class=\"wq_answerTxtCtr\">17%<\/label>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wq-answer wq_singleAnswerCtr\" data-id=\"fphq5\">\n\t\t\t<label class=\"wq_answerTxtCtr\">29%<\/label>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wq-answer wq_singleAnswerCtr\" data-id=\"c0e6k\">\n\t\t\t<label class=\"wq_answerTxtCtr\">43%<\/label>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wq-answer wq_singleAnswerCtr\" data-id=\"cuqd2\">\n\t\t\t<label class=\"wq_answerTxtCtr\">55%<\/label>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wq-trivia-question-explanation wq_triviaQuestionExplanation\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wq-explanation-head wq_ExplanationHead\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wq-explanation-head-correct\">Correct!<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wq-explanation-head-incorrect\">Wrong!<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wq-explanation-text wq_QuestionExplanationText\">Yes, an estimated 55% of people live in cities today, more than half of the entire world's population!<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/\/ wp quiz-->\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><style type=\"text\/css\" id=\"wq-trivia-custom-css\">.wq-quiz-1082 {\n--wq-question-width: 100%;\n--wq-question-color: #009cff;\n--wq-question-height: auto;\n--wq-bar-color: #00c479;\n--wq-font-color: #444;\n--wq-background-color: #f2f2f2;\n}\n<\/style><!-- wp quiz -->\n<div id=\"wp-quiz-1082\" class=\"wq_quizCtr single trivia_quiz wq-quiz wq-quiz-1082 wq-quiz-trivia wq-layout-single wq-skin-traditional\" data-quiz-id=\"1082\">\n<div class=\"wq-questions wq_questionsCtr\">\n\t<div class=\"wq-question wq_singleQuestionWrapper\" data-index=\"0\">\n\n\t\n\t<div class=\"wq_singleQuestionCtr\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wq_questionTextWrapper quiz-pro-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wq_questionTextCtr\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4>In 1950 the most populated city was New York with 12.3 million residents. Tokyo now holds the record for the largest population, can you guess how many people live there?<\/h4>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"wq_questionMediaCtr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wq_questionImage wq-question-image\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1680\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/destination_tokyo.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/destination_tokyo.jpg 1680w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/destination_tokyo-300x100.jpg 300w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/destination_tokyo-1024x341.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/destination_tokyo-768x256.jpg 768w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/destination_tokyo-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/destination_tokyo-50x17.jpg 50w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/destination_tokyo-100x33.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1680px) 100vw, 1680px\" \/>\t\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"wq-question-answers wq_questionAnswersCtr\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wq-answers wq_answersWrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wq-answer wq_singleAnswerCtr\" data-id=\"4rmgr\">\n\t\t\t<label class=\"wq_answerTxtCtr\">19.2 Million<\/label>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wq-answer wq_singleAnswerCtr\" data-id=\"qew4h\">\n\t\t\t<label class=\"wq_answerTxtCtr\">23.8 Million<\/label>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wq-answer wq_singleAnswerCtr\" data-id=\"9ncxu\">\n\t\t\t<label class=\"wq_answerTxtCtr\">28.5 Million<\/label>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wq-answer wq_singleAnswerCtr\" data-id=\"xu5vu\">\n\t\t\t<label class=\"wq_answerTxtCtr\">31.9 Million<\/label>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wq-answer wq_singleAnswerCtr\" data-id=\"kaxpq\">\n\t\t\t<label class=\"wq_answerTxtCtr\">37.4 Million<\/label>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wq-trivia-question-explanation wq_triviaQuestionExplanation\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wq-explanation-head wq_ExplanationHead\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wq-explanation-head-correct\">Correct!<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wq-explanation-head-incorrect\">Wrong!<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wq-explanation-text wq_QuestionExplanationText\">More than 37.4 million people live in Tokyo, Japan and an additional 2.4 million people commute to the massive city every day.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/\/ wp quiz-->\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>History of Urbanization<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While the world&#8217;s population doubled, the urban populations tripled, fundamentally changing the natural environment. By the year 2030, 87% of North Americans are expected to live in cities. Just under a century ago, urban areas were some of the most unsafe and unhealthy places to live; today, cities represent hope and opportunity. People in cities have historically consumed food and energy at higher rates than rural residents, amplifying a human&#8217;s ability to cause negative environmental impacts. Urban areas have both negative and positive effects on the environment, and  with continued conscious efforts we have an opportunity to make an urban space a green space. <sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_525-1\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"1\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_525\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_525-1\">1<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"1\">Ritchie, Hannah, and Max Roser. \u201cUrbanization.\u201d <em>Our World in Data<\/em>, November 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/urbanization\">https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/urbanization<\/a><\/span>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"558\" height=\"718\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2020-04-15-1-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1083\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2020-04-15-1-3.png 558w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2020-04-15-1-3-233x300.png 233w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2020-04-15-1-3-78x100.png 78w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\" \/><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/docplayer.net\/63643425-Surveying-environmental-awareness-a-green-education-agenda-the-case-of-eastern-mediterranean-university.html\">Image Source<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>City Problems <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"831\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/smog-pall-Los-Angeles-California-areas-automobiles-November-2016-2-831x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1087\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/smog-pall-Los-Angeles-California-areas-automobiles-November-2016-2-831x1024.jpg 831w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/smog-pall-Los-Angeles-California-areas-automobiles-November-2016-2-243x300.jpg 243w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/smog-pall-Los-Angeles-California-areas-automobiles-November-2016-2-768x946.jpg 768w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/smog-pall-Los-Angeles-California-areas-automobiles-November-2016-2-81x100.jpg 81w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/smog-pall-Los-Angeles-California-areas-automobiles-November-2016-2.jpg 849w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 831px) 100vw, 831px\" \/><figcaption>Photochemical Smog over <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketwatch.com\/story\/four-in-10-americans-are-breathing-unsafe-air-and-these-8-cities-are-the-worst-2019-04-24\">Los Angeles<\/a> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>SMOG:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Smog is formed when nitrogen oxides reacts with a volatile organic compound (VOC). Nitrogen Oxide comes from car exhaust and coal emission and VOC&#8217;s are found in gasoline, some paints, and  many cleaning products (search your cleaning products green rating <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ewg.org\/guides\/cleaners\/\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>). Smog is an example of the greenhouse effect, trapping heat and gasses close to the earth, increasing global temperatures. Smog can also cause or exacerbate serious health problems. <sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_525-2\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"2\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_525\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_525-2\">2<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"2\">EPA. \u201cSmog, Soot, and Other Air Pollution from Transportation.\u201d United States Environmental Protection Agency, n.d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/transportation-air-pollution-and-climate-change\/smog-soot-and-local-air-pollution\">https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/transportation-air-pollution-and-climate-change\/smog-soot-and-local-air-pollution<\/a>.<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DEFORESTATION AND HABITAT LOSS:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cities can have both negative and positive effects on habitat loss. The growth of cities often leads to deforestation; however, the concentration of people may save many rural areas from the negative environmental impacts of the average human life style. Some scientists argue that cities intensify a humans impact over a small area, which is a better alternative to a sprawl of people over a country. Other scientists see cities as destructive, destroying all wildlife as they expand. When cities expand and destroy habitats, animals are threatened, leading to a loss in biodiversity. In addition to potential animal endangerment and extinction, trees and animals threatened by deforestation provide a number of ecosystem services. Carbon storage and nutrient cycling are two benefits wildlife have on the quality of human life. To help conserve the life and lands we have left visit the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/gifts.worldwildlife.org\/gift-center\/Default.aspx?sc=AWY1800OQ18507A01324RX&amp;gclid=EAIaIQobChMItuzqlLn16AIVYQiICR0EcwGkEAAYASAAEgI_KPD_BwE\" target=\"_blank\">World Wildlife Foundation (WWF)<\/a>. <sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_525-3\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"3\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_525\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_525-3\">3<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"3\">Elmqvist, Thomas, Wayne Zipperer, and Burak Guneralp. \u201cUrbanization, Habitat Loss and Biodiversity Decline: Solution Pathways to Break the Cycle,\u201d 2016. <a href=\"https:\/\/search.lib.uts.edu.au\/discovery\/search?search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&amp;vid=61UTS_INST:61UTS&amp;lang=en\">https:\/\/search.lib.uts.edu.au\/discovery\/search?search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&amp;vid=61UTS_INST:61UTS&amp;lang=en<\/a><\/span>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"843\" height=\"843\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/49311972_10161487362580515_7324826209454391296_o.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1090\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/49311972_10161487362580515_7324826209454391296_o.jpg 843w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/49311972_10161487362580515_7324826209454391296_o-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/49311972_10161487362580515_7324826209454391296_o-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/49311972_10161487362580515_7324826209454391296_o-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/49311972_10161487362580515_7324826209454391296_o-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 843px) 100vw, 843px\" \/><figcaption>&#8220;What took nature hundreds of years to build, we destroyed in 10&#8221; -WWF, a forest of Thailand<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"844\" height=\"570\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/thumbnail_image003-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1088\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/thumbnail_image003-2.png 844w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/thumbnail_image003-2-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/thumbnail_image003-2-768x519.png 768w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/thumbnail_image003-2-100x68.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 844px) 100vw, 844px\" \/><figcaption>Heat Scan of Davidson College<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cities tend to have higher temperatures than rural areas. Due to cement and black surfaces, heat is absorbed and retained for longer periods of time than in vegetated areas. Increased urban temperatures can lead to exhaustion, heat cramps, heat strokes, and in some cases death.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_525-4\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"4\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_525\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_525-4\">4<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"4\">NASA. \u201cWhat Is the Urban Heat Island Effect.\u201d climatekids.nasa, n.d. <a href=\"https:\/\/climatekids.nasa.gov\/heat-islands\/\">https:\/\/climatekids.nasa.gov\/heat-islands\/<\/a>.<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>SANITATION AND HEALTH:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While sanitation has improved over the last couple decades, there remains room for improvement. One example is the increased presence of pests like cockroaches in American cities. Many pests thrive in cities and can lead to disease, allergies, and asthma. <sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_525-5\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"5\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_525\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_525-5\">5<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"5\">USAID. \u201cUrban Sanitation.\u201d usaid.gov, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/urban-sanitation\">https:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/urban-sanitation<\/a>.<\/span>To see how your home city ranks visit the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.apartmenttherapy.com\/dirtiest-city-in-america-new-york-study-2018-256221\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;Dirtiest cities in America&#8221;<\/a> list. The spread of sicknesses, disease, and viruses is exponentially accelerated in cities due to high population density and a variety of germs introduced through tourism.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_525-6\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"6\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_525\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_525-6\">6<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"6\">Neiderud, Carl-Johan. \u201cHow Urbanization Affects the Epidemiology of Emerginginfectious Diseases,\u201d June 24, 2015. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26112265\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26112265<\/a><\/span>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"433\" height=\"552\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Bears-atd-07XX19-1-8-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1094\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Bears-atd-07XX19-1-8-3.jpg 433w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Bears-atd-07XX19-1-8-3-235x300.jpg 235w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Bears-atd-07XX19-1-8-3-78x100.jpg 78w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" \/><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.aspentimes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2019\/07\/Bears-atd-07XX19-1-8.jpg\">Image Source<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"847\" height=\"677\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/urn_cambridge.org_id_binary_20170831085823188-0871_9781139016476_84950fig8_12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1096\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/urn_cambridge.org_id_binary_20170831085823188-0871_9781139016476_84950fig8_12.png 847w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/urn_cambridge.org_id_binary_20170831085823188-0871_9781139016476_84950fig8_12-300x240.png 300w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/urn_cambridge.org_id_binary_20170831085823188-0871_9781139016476_84950fig8_12-768x614.png 768w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/urn_cambridge.org_id_binary_20170831085823188-0871_9781139016476_84950fig8_12-100x80.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 847px) 100vw, 847px\" \/><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/urban-climates\/water\/32315D033E769832AACFF102A71E03C5\">Hyrdograph<\/a> Comparing Urban and Rural Watersheds. Urban areas cannot absorb rain and this leads to flash floods. Quickly occurring, higher quantities, and faster flowing water than in rural watersheds.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>FLASHINESS:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Flashiness, or fast flowing water, is common in cities due to impervious surfaces like concrete and rooftops. Anthropogenic contaminants and dirt found on sidewalks can be picked up by fast flowing water and find their way into nearby streams and into watersheds. With excess nutrients in water, a process called eutrophication can take place, which depletes water of oxygen. Stream degradation and eutrophication have negative impacts on wildlife.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_525-7\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"7\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_525\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_525-7\">7<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"7\">Baker, Richard. \u201cA New Flashiness Index: Characteristics and Applications to Midwestern Rivers and Streams,\u201d 2004. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/227681885_A_New_Flashiness_Index_Characteristics_and_Applications_to_Midwestern_Rivers_and_Streams\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/227681885_A_New_Flashiness_Index_Characteristics_and_Applications_to_Midwestern_Rivers_and_Streams<\/a><\/span>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>WASTEFULNESS:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The modern human is more wasteful than any of our ancestors. In cities wastefulness is amplified. Store owners keeping their doors open and blasting the AC in the summer, over packaged products, and dirty recycling are a few examples of a city&#8217;s wastefulness. However, with increasingly innovative transportation systems and communal spaces, city&#8217;s have the potential to conserve much of their resources. Learn how to reduce waste <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/transforming-waste-tool\/how-communities-have-defined-zero-waste\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_525-8\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"8\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_525\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_525-8\">8<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"8\">World Health Organization. \u201cImproved Urban Waste Management,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/sustainable-development\/cities\/strategies\/urban-waste\/en\/\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/sustainable-development\/cities\/strategies\/urban-waste\/en\/<\/a><\/span>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Landfill-pic-450-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1601\" width=\"191\" height=\"212\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Landfill-pic-450-2.jpg 256w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Landfill-pic-450-2-45x50.jpg 45w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Landfill-pic-450-2-90x100.jpg 90w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 191px) 100vw, 191px\" \/><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coastalreview.org\/2013\/06\/proposed-landfill-bill-generates-concern-criticism\/\"> North Carolina Landfill<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"478\" height=\"823\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2020-04-21-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1417\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2020-04-21-5.png 478w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2020-04-21-5-174x300.png 174w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2020-04-21-5-29x50.png 29w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2020-04-21-5-58x100.png 58w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"468\" height=\"802\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2020-04-21-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1596\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2020-04-21-9.png 468w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2020-04-21-9-175x300.png 175w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2020-04-21-9-29x50.png 29w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2020-04-21-9-58x100.png 58w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>Environmental Urban Heroes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> <a href=\"https:\/\/better.net\/sf-bay-area\/philanthropy\/17-bay-area-environmentalists-making-a-difference-in-2019\/\">San Francisco<\/a> is a leader in sustainability.  Over half of their public transportation is zero emissions. Water consumption has been nearly cut in half over the past few years, and similar conservation tactics have spread to food, energy, and waste habits.<\/li><li>City officials in <a href=\"https:\/\/louisvilleky.gov\/government\/brightside\/tree-canopy-assessment\">Louisville, Kentucky<\/a> were awarded $115,700 to assess tree canopy cover in order to reduce the urban heat island effect.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fastcompany.com\/90392020\/how-copenhagen-plans-to-reach-carbon-neutral-status-in-just-six-years\">Copenhagen, Denmark<\/a> has declared that they hope to be the first carbon neutral city in the world, aiming to hit their goal in 2025. Many people bike around the city, electric public transport, geothermal energy and many more aspects have made Copenhagen the most environmentally friendly city in the world<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/transforming-waste-tool\/zero-waste-case-study-austin\">Austin, Texas<\/a> has partnered with the EPA to institute a set of plans to divert 90% of solid waste by the year 2040, reducing landfill levels in a plan called &#8220;the Austin Resource Master Recovery.&#8221;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">To earn a badge for visiting this page, answer the question below in the comments:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What was one interesting thing you learned about urbanization on this page?<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>History of Urbanization While the world&#8217;s population doubled, the urban populations tripled, fundamentally changing the natural environment. By the year 2030, 87% of North Americans are expected to live in cities. Just under a century ago, urban areas were some of the most unsafe and unhealthy places to live; today, cities represent hope and opportunity. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":635,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-525","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","entry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/525","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=525"}],"version-history":[{"count":44,"href":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/525\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1687,"href":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/525\/revisions\/1687"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/635"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}