{"id":205,"date":"2020-04-08T20:43:20","date_gmt":"2020-04-08T20:43:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/?page_id=205"},"modified":"2020-04-22T12:14:27","modified_gmt":"2020-04-22T12:14:27","slug":"air-pollution","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/air-pollution\/","title":{"rendered":"Air Pollution"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-very-dark-gray-color\"><em>What is Air Pollution?<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Air pollution<\/strong> is a mix of solid and liquid particles and gases that can reach harmful concentrations both outside and indoors. These particles and gases are bad for the planet and for our health, so keeping track of them is important. Soot, smoke, mold, pollen, methane, and carbon dioxide are just a few examples of common air pollutants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Furthermore, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and lead are all regulated under the <strong><strong>Clean Air Act of 1970.<\/strong><\/strong> <sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-1\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"1\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-1\">1<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"1\">Judith A. Layzer and Sara R. Rinfret, <em>The Environmental Case: Translating Values Into Policy<\/em>, Fifth edition (Los Angeles: CQ Press, 2019).<\/span>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/industry-1752876_1920-6-1024x682.png\" alt=\"Image of an orange sky with industrial smoke clouds\" class=\"wp-image-934\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/industry-1752876_1920-6-1024x682.png 1024w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/industry-1752876_1920-6-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/industry-1752876_1920-6-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/industry-1752876_1920-6-1536x1023.png 1536w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/industry-1752876_1920-6-100x67.png 100w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/industry-1752876_1920-6.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>Where Does Air Pollution Come From?<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/airpollution\/infographics\/en\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-INFOGRAPHICS-English-4-1200px-3-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Infographic of the sources of air pollution. It depicts industry, transport, waste management, household energy, agriculture, and dust.\" class=\"wp-image-1006\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-INFOGRAPHICS-English-4-1200px-3-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-INFOGRAPHICS-English-4-1200px-3-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-INFOGRAPHICS-English-4-1200px-3-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-INFOGRAPHICS-English-4-1200px-3-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-INFOGRAPHICS-English-4-1200px-3-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-INFOGRAPHICS-English-4-1200px-3.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/airpollution\/infographics\/en\/\">Credit: World Health Organization<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Air pollutants are released into the air from both man-made and natural sources including:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Burning of fossil fuels during electricity generation, transport, industry and households<\/li><li>Industries, like chemical production and mining<\/li><li>Agriculture<\/li><li>Landfills<\/li><li>Natural sources, including volcanic eruptions, windblown dust, sea-salt spray and emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from plants, paint, and gasoline. <sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-2\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"2\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-2\">2<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"2\">\u201cSources of Pollution \u2013 Clear the Air, a Learning Resource in Scotland,\u201d accessed April 19, 2020, http:\/\/cleartheair.scottishairquality.scot\/about\/sources.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>Good Up High, Bad Nearby &#8211; What is Ozone?<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ozone-good-bad-illustration.png\" alt=\"Infographic of the earth and its atmosphere\" class=\"wp-image-974\" width=\"464\" height=\"437\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ozone-good-bad-illustration.png 619w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ozone-good-bad-illustration-300x283.png 300w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ozone-good-bad-illustration-100x94.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 464px) 100vw, 464px\" \/><figcaption><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpl.nasa.gov\/infographics\/infographic.view.php?id=11399\">Credit: NASA\/JPL-Caltech<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ozone high up in our atmosphere (found in the stratosphere) is a good thing. It helps block harmful energy from the sun, called&nbsp;<strong>radiation<\/strong>. But, when ozone is closer to the ground (found in the troposphere), it can be really bad for our health. Ground-level ozone is created when sunlight reacts with certain chemicals that come from burning fossil fuels.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-3\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"3\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-3\">3<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"3\">\u201cWhat Causes Air Pollution?,\u201d NASA Climate Kids, accessed April 19, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/climatekids.nasa.gov\/air-pollution\/\">https:\/\/climatekids.nasa.gov\/air-pollution\/<\/a>.<\/span>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When particles in the air combine with ozone, they create smog.&nbsp;<strong>Smog<\/strong> looks like smoky fog and makes it difficult to see.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-4\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"4\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-4\">4<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"4\">\u201cWhat Causes Air Pollution?\u201d<\/span> Smog contributes to respiratory problems, such as asthma.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/high-rise-buildings-at-daytime-722218-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Image of a city skyline and smog\" class=\"wp-image-976\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/high-rise-buildings-at-daytime-722218-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/high-rise-buildings-at-daytime-722218-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/high-rise-buildings-at-daytime-722218-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/high-rise-buildings-at-daytime-722218-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/high-rise-buildings-at-daytime-722218-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/high-rise-buildings-at-daytime-722218-100x67.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"410\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-2-410x1024.png\" alt=\"A timeline of the history of air pollution\" class=\"wp-image-1127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-2-410x1024.png 410w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-2-120x300.png 120w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-2-768x1920.png 768w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-2-40x100.png 40w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-2.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 410px) 100vw, 410px\" \/><figcaption>Footnotes <sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-5\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"5\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-5\">5<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"5\">Bill Kovarik, \u201cAir Pollution,\u201d Environmental History, October 2, 2017, <a href=\"http:\/\/environmentalhistory.org\/about\/airpollution\/\">http:\/\/environmentalhistory.org\/about\/airpollution\/<\/a>.<\/span><sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-6\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"6\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-6\">6<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"6\">Kovarik.<\/span><sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-7\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"7\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-7\">7<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"7\">Kovarik.<\/span><sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-8\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"8\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-8\">8<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"8\">Layzer and Rinfret,&nbsp;<em>The Environmental Case<\/em>.<\/span><sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-9\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"9\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-9\">9<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"9\">Layzer and Rinfret.<\/span><sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-10\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"10\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-10\">10<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"10\">Layzer and Rinfret.<\/span><sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-11\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"11\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-11\">11<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"11\">Walter A. Rosenbaum,&nbsp;<em>Environmental Politics and Policy<\/em>, Eleventh edition (Washington, D.C: CQ Press, 2019).<\/span><sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-12\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"12\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-12\">12<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"12\">Layzer and Rinfret,&nbsp;<em>The Environmental Case<\/em>.<\/span><sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-13\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"13\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-13\">13<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"13\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, \u201cEPA History: Clean Air Act of 1970\/1977,\u201d Collections and Lists, US EPA, January 29, 2013, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/history\/epa-history-clean-air-act-19701977\">https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/history\/epa-history-clean-air-act-19701977<\/a>.<\/span><sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-14\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"14\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-14\">14<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"14\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency<\/span><sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-15\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"15\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-15\">15<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"15\">Rosenbaum,&nbsp;<em>Environmental Politics and Policy<\/em>.<\/span><sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-16\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"16\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-16\">16<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"16\">Kovarik, \u201cAir Pollution.\u201d<\/span><sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-17\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"17\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-17\">17<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"17\">U.N. Environment, \u201cAir Quality Policies in United States of America,\u201d UNEP \u2013 UN Environment Programme, July 1, 2017, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unenvironment.org\/resources\/policy-and-strategy\/air-quality-policies-united-states-america\">http:\/\/www.unenvironment.org\/resources\/policy-and-strategy\/air-quality-policies-united-states-america<\/a>.<\/span><sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-18\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"18\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-18\">18<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"18\">U.N. Environment.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>Policy Process of the Clean Air Act of 1970<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"594\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/air-pollution-4017183_1920-1024x594.jpg\" alt=\"Cartoon of a scientist, factories, and a world map\" class=\"wp-image-986\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/air-pollution-4017183_1920-1024x594.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/air-pollution-4017183_1920-300x174.jpg 300w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/air-pollution-4017183_1920-768x446.jpg 768w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/air-pollution-4017183_1920-1536x891.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/air-pollution-4017183_1920-100x58.jpg 100w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/air-pollution-4017183_1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Who are the policy entrepreneurs and what actions have they taken?<\/strong> Numerous policy entrepreneurs, such as public <span style=\"color:#066aa4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">citizens<\/span>, the <span style=\"color:#066aa4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">EPA<\/span>, <span style=\"color:#066aa4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Congress<\/span>, and <span style=\"color:#066aa4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">President Nixon<\/span>, fueled the implementation of the Clean Air Act of 1970. Public support for air pollution regulation was one of the first steps in creating the Clean Air Act. In the late 1960s, there was a mass environmental movement, with citizens pushing for reductions in air pollution.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-19\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"19\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-19\">19<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"19\">Layzer and Rinfret,&nbsp;<em>The Environmental Case<\/em>.<\/span> In response, President Nixon and Congress began to work on a policy that would address these air pollution concerns. When the EPA was established in 1970, the EPA assumed responsibility for setting air quality standards and ensuring that states enforced these standards.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-20\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"20\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-20\">20<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"20\">Rosenbaum,&nbsp;<em>Environmental Politics and Policy<\/em>.<\/span> President Nixon invested time and political resources into this policy, and on December 31<sup>st<\/sup>, 1970, the Clean Air Act was passed.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-21\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"21\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-21\">21<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"21\">Rosenbaum.<\/span>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which phases of the policy process model are most relevant to this case, and why?<\/strong> The most relevant phases of the policy process model are <em><span style=\"color:#066aa4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">policy evaluation<\/span><\/em><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"> <\/span>and <em><span style=\"color:#066aa4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">policy change<\/span><\/em>. Since the Clean Air Act was implemented in 1970, there have been numerous modifications to meet the policy\u2019s initial goals. Congress made changes to the policy in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, adding more stringent regulations on auto and truck emissions.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-22\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"22\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-22\">22<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"22\">Rosenbaum.<\/span> Furthermore, Congress and President George H. W. Bush established the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, which aimed to regulate emission of NOx and SO<sub>4<\/sub>.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-23\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"23\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-23\">23<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"23\">Rosenbaum.<\/span>The EPA must continue to evaluate the Clean Air Act and determine whether the United States is meeting its intended goals in regards to air pollution.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How are the policy, problem, and political streams relevant to this case?<\/strong> <em><span style=\"color:#066aa4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Policy stream<\/span>: <\/em>At the time, there was a lack of federal air regulations, presenting an opportunity for the United States to implement a policy to govern air quality across the country. The Clean Air Act of 1970 was presented as a viable option.                   <em><span style=\"color:#066aa4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Problem stream<\/span>:<\/em> Air pollution is a serious problem in the United States and across the world. In the late 1960s, this issue was especially prevalent due to the industrial revolution. This problem needed to be addressed in order to reduce pollutants in the atmosphere.      <em><span style=\"color:#066aa4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Political stream<\/span>:<\/em> Not only was the problem of air pollution super visible to people across America, but President Nixon was also highlighting it on the campaign trail. Since it was an election year, Nixon promised to regulate air pollution to attract voters.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>What policy windows are relevant to this case? <\/strong><\/strong>The mass environmental movement at the end of the 1960s opened a policy window that was needed to implement the Clean Air Act of 1970. Environmental writers and activists redefined environmental issues, sparking <span style=\"color:#066aa4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">public interest in pollution.<\/span><sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-24\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"24\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-24\">24<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"24\">Layzer and Rinfret.<\/span> In 1969, a series of highly publicized <span style=\"color:#066aa4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">environmental disasters <\/span>hit, further involving citizens in environmental issues.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-25\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"25\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-25\">25<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"25\">Layzer and Rinfret.<\/span> Finally, the <span style=\"color:#066aa4\" class=\"has-inline-color\">introduction of Earth Day<\/span> in 1970 was a tipping point in environmental activism. Earth Day fueled a movement aimed at improving environmental conditions. The policymakers were required to respond to public demands; therefore, the movement presented a policy<strong> <\/strong>window for the implementation of the Clean Air Act of 1970.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"606\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2012_1016_Simmons-Infobite_Clean-Air_small-1.jpg\" alt=\"Clean Air Act infographic\" class=\"wp-image-1015\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2012_1016_Simmons-Infobite_Clean-Air_small-1.jpg 600w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2012_1016_Simmons-Infobite_Clean-Air_small-1-297x300.jpg 297w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2012_1016_Simmons-Infobite_Clean-Air_small-1-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simmonsfirm.com\/blog\/healthy-lung-month-get-the-facts-about-the-clean-air-act\/\">Credit: Simmons Hanley Conroy<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>What is the Status of Air Pollution Around the World?<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From smog hanging over cities to smoke inside the home, air pollution poses a major threat to health and climate. Air pollution kills an estimated seven million people worldwide every year, and WHO data shows that 9 out of 10 people breathe air containing high levels of pollutants.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-26\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"26\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-26\">26<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"26\">World Health Organization, \u201cAir Pollution,\u201d accessed April 19, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/westernpacific\/health-topics\/air-pollution.\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/westernpacific\/health-topics\/air-pollution.<\/a><\/span>More than 80% of people living in urban areas that monitor air pollution are exposed to air quality levels that exceed WHO guideline limits, with low- and middle-income countries suffering from the highest exposures, both indoors and outdoors.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-27\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"27\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-27\">27<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"27\">World Health Organization.<\/span> Here is a link to view global air quality data: <a href=\"https:\/\/waqi.info\/\"><span style=\"color:#217d10\" class=\"has-inline-color\">https:\/\/waqi.info\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/hands-600497_1920-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Image of hands painted to look like a world map\" class=\"wp-image-980\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/hands-600497_1920-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/hands-600497_1920-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/hands-600497_1920-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/hands-600497_1920-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/hands-600497_1920-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/hands-600497_1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>What is the Status of Air Pollution in the United States?<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since 1970, implementation of the Clean Air Act and technological advances from American innovators have dramatically improved air quality in the U.S. Cleaner air provides important public health benefits. According to the EPA, there has been approximately a 50% decline emissions of key air pollutants since 1990.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-28\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"28\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-28\">28<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"28\">U.S. EPA Office of Air and Radiation, \u201cAir Quality Trends Show Clean Air Progress,\u201d accessed April 19, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/gispub.epa.gov\/air\/trendsreport\/2019\/\">https:\/\/gispub.epa.gov\/air\/trendsreport\/2019\/<\/a>.<\/span>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"803\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Screen-Shot-2020-04-18-at-10.03.25-AM-1-1024x803.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-954\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Screen-Shot-2020-04-18-at-10.03.25-AM-1-1024x803.png 1024w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Screen-Shot-2020-04-18-at-10.03.25-AM-1-300x235.png 300w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Screen-Shot-2020-04-18-at-10.03.25-AM-1-768x603.png 768w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Screen-Shot-2020-04-18-at-10.03.25-AM-1-100x78.png 100w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Screen-Shot-2020-04-18-at-10.03.25-AM-1.png 1318w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><em><a href=\"https:\/\/gispub.epa.gov\/air\/trendsreport\/2019\/#highlights\">Credit: EPA<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, according to &#8220;State of the Air 2019,&#8221; the American Lung Association&#8217;s 20th annual report, more than 40 percent of Americans live in areas with unhealthy air.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-29\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"29\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-29\">29<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"29\">American Lung Association, \u201cState of the Air 2019,\u201d 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lung.org\/assets\/documents\/healthy-air\/state-of-the-air\/sota-2019-full.pdf\">https:\/\/www.lung.org\/assets\/documents\/healthy-air\/state-of-the-air\/sota-2019-full.pdf<\/a>.<\/span> Harold Wimmer, the group&#8217;s president and CEO, said that after years of progress, there&#8217;s clear evidence of a &#8220;disturbing trend,&#8221; with many Americans seeing their air quality worsening due to wildfires and weather patterns. Climate change is fueling that trend, he said. While legislation like the Clean Air Act has reduced the amount of air pollution on a national scale, many parts of the country are battling the harmful effects of air pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>What is the Status of Air Pollution in Mecklenburg County, NC?<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the American Lung Association&#8217;s &#8220;State of the Air 2019,&#8221; Charlotte Metro residents in Mecklenburg County are subjected to unhealthy amounts of <span class=\"has-inline-color has-very-dark-gray-color\"><strong>ground-level ozone.<\/strong><\/span><sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-30\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"30\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-30\">30<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"30\">American Lung Association.<\/span> When it comes to the number of high smog days in North Carolina,&nbsp;<span class=\"has-inline-color has-very-dark-gray-color\">16 counties received &#8220;A&#8221; grades<\/span><span style=\"color:#217d10\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"has-inline-color has-very-dark-gray-color\">and <\/span>only one county \u2014 Mecklenburg County \u2014 received a failing grade. While Mecklenburg County received an &#8216;F&#8217; for ozone pollution, it did make the organization&#8217;s list of cleanest U.S. cities for short-term particle pollution. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here is a link to view the current air quality index in Mecklenburg County: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mecknc.gov\/LUESA\/AirQuality\/AirQualityData\/Pages\/default.aspx\"><span style=\"color:#217d10\" class=\"has-inline-color\">https:\/\/www.mecknc.gov\/LUESA\/AirQuality\/AirQualityData\/Pages\/default.aspx<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In early 2018, the Charlotte City Council invited local leaders from the environmental, health, faith, justice, business, and government sectors to provide input on a suite of climate-related policies and commitments that eventually became the&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/cleanaircarolina.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Sustainable-and-Resilient-Charlotte-Resolution.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color:#217d10\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Sustainable and Resilient Charlotte by 2050 Resolution<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/cleanaircarolina.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Strategic-Energy-Action-Plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color:#217d10\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Strategic Energy Action Plan<\/span><\/a>&nbsp;(SEAP).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"410\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/AC9B0F4F-0257-4B14-B8CD-D2C7A8C51C07_1_201_a-1024x410.jpeg\" alt=\"Image of Charlotte city skyline\" class=\"wp-image-978\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/AC9B0F4F-0257-4B14-B8CD-D2C7A8C51C07_1_201_a-1024x410.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/AC9B0F4F-0257-4B14-B8CD-D2C7A8C51C07_1_201_a-300x120.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/AC9B0F4F-0257-4B14-B8CD-D2C7A8C51C07_1_201_a-768x307.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/AC9B0F4F-0257-4B14-B8CD-D2C7A8C51C07_1_201_a-1536x614.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/AC9B0F4F-0257-4B14-B8CD-D2C7A8C51C07_1_201_a-100x40.jpeg 100w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/AC9B0F4F-0257-4B14-B8CD-D2C7A8C51C07_1_201_a.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>Take Action!<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Actions you can take to reduce air pollution in general:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>On Days when High Ozone Levels are Expected, Take these Extra Steps:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Organizations that work on air pollution that you can support<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Conserve energy &#8211; at home, at work, everywhere.<\/li><li>Look for the ENERGY STAR label when buying home or office equipment.<\/li><li>Carpool, use public transportation, bike, or walk whenever possible.<\/li><li>Follow gasoline refueling instructions for efficient vapor recovery, being careful not to spill fuel and to tighten your gas cap securely.<\/li><li>Use environmentally safe paints and cleaning products whenever possible.<\/li><li>Mulch or compost leaves and yard waste.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Choose a cleaner commute &#8211; share a ride to work or use public transportation.<\/li><li>Combine errands and reduce trips. Walk to errands when possible.<\/li><li>Avoid excessive idling of your automobile.<\/li><li>Refuel your car in the evening when it\u2019s cooler.<\/li><li>Conserve electricity and set air conditioners no lower than 78 degrees.<\/li><li>Defer lawn and gardening chores that use gasoline-powered equipment, or wait until evening.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-31\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"31\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000083d0000000000000000_205\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000083d0000000000000000_205-31\">31<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"31\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, \u201cActions You Can Take to Reduce Air Pollution,\u201d September 27, 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.epa.gov\/region1\/airquality\/reducepollution.html.\">https:\/\/www3.epa.gov\/region1\/airquality\/reducepollution.html.<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/cleanaircarolina.org\/\"><span style=\"color:#217d10\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Clean Air Carolina<\/span><\/a>\u2014its mission is to ensure cleaner air quality for all North Carolinians through education and advocacy and by working with partners to reduce sources of pollution.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/\"><span style=\"color:#217d10\" class=\"has-inline-color\">The World Health Organization<\/span><\/a> (WHO) monitors health effects from air pollution across the world. They record data for <a href=\"http:\/\/www9.who.int\/airpollution\/ambient\/en\/\"><span style=\"color:#217d10\" class=\"has-inline-color\">ambient air pollution<\/span><\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www9.who.int\/airpollution\/household\/en\/\"><span style=\"color:#217d10\" class=\"has-inline-color\">household air pollution<\/span><\/a><span style=\"color:#217d10\" class=\"has-inline-color\">.<\/span> In addition, they track cities and determine whether they exceed WHO guideline limits for pollutants.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-INFOGRAPHICS-English-6-1200px-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Infographic with solutions to air pollution\" class=\"wp-image-969\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-INFOGRAPHICS-English-6-1200px-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-INFOGRAPHICS-English-6-1200px-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-INFOGRAPHICS-English-6-1200px-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-INFOGRAPHICS-English-6-1200px-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-INFOGRAPHICS-English-6-1200px-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Air-pollution-INFOGRAPHICS-English-6-1200px.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/airpollution\/infographics\/en\/\">Credit: World Health Organization<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>Learn More!<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube aligncenter wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Air Pollution | Video for Kids | Causes, Effects &amp; Solution\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/t7Q7y_xjR5E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>A video for kids made by Learning Junction!<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube aligncenter wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Air Pollution 101 | National Geographic\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/e6rglsLy1Ys?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>A video for adults made by National Geographic!<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more information on the difference between &#8220;good&#8221; vs. &#8220;bad&#8221; ozone: <a href=\"https:\/\/cfpub.epa.gov\/airnow\/index.cfm?action=gooduphigh.index\"><span style=\"color:#217d10\" class=\"has-inline-color\">https:\/\/cfpub.epa.gov\/airnow\/index.cfm?action=gooduphigh.index<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more information on ozone pollution in North Carolina, visit: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lung.org\/media\/press-releases\/state-of-the-air-2018-nc\"><span style=\"color:#217d10\" class=\"has-inline-color\">https:\/\/www.lung.org\/media\/press-releases\/state-of-the-air-2018-nc<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NASA\u2019s Climate Kids Website: <a href=\"https:\/\/climatekids.nasa.gov\/air-pollution\/\"><span style=\"color:#217d10\" class=\"has-inline-color\">https:\/\/climatekids.nasa.gov\/air-pollution\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">National Geographic\u2019s page on Air Pollution: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/global-warming\/pollution\/\"><span style=\"color:#217d10\" class=\"has-inline-color\">https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/global-warming\/pollution\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"410\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/turbine-fix-1024x410.jpg\" alt=\"Image of wind turbines in front of a sunset\" class=\"wp-image-1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/turbine-fix-1024x410.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/turbine-fix-300x120.jpg 300w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/turbine-fix-768x307.jpg 768w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/turbine-fix-1536x614.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/turbine-fix-100x40.jpg 100w, https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/turbine-fix.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>Let&#8217;s See What You&#8217;ve Learned!<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div data-opinionstage-embed-url=\"https:\/\/www.opinionstage.com\/api\/v1\/widgets\/ellyhensley\/quiz\/code.json?width=\" style=\"display: none; visibility: hidden;\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">To earn a badge for visiting this page, answer the question below in the comments:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What was one interesting thing you learned about air pollution on this page?<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is Air Pollution? Air pollution is a mix of solid and liquid particles and gases that can reach harmful concentrations both outside and indoors. These particles and gases are bad for the planet and for our health, so keeping track of them is important. Soot, smoke, mold, pollen, methane, and carbon dioxide are just [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":496,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-205","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","entry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/205","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=205"}],"version-history":[{"count":185,"href":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/205\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1681,"href":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/205\/revisions\/1681"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitalprojects.davidson.edu\/earthday2020\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=205"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}